What counts as a word here
There’s no official definition of a word, so every counter has to make a few judgment calls. These are ours:
| You type | We count | Why |
|---|---|---|
well-known |
1 word | A hyphen joins a compound. Microsoft Word counts it the same way. |
don't |
1 word | An apostrophe doesn’t split a word. |
fast—cheap |
2 words | Em and en dashes separate words, with or without spaces around them. |
and/or |
1 word | There’s no space, so it stays together. |
3.5 or 2026 |
1 word | Numbers count. |
utilyfe.com/tools |
1 word | So does a web address or an email address. |
& on its own |
0 words | A symbol with no letters or digits isn’t a word. |
我喜欢读书 |
3 words | Chinese, Japanese and Thai don’t use spaces, so your browser’s built-in word breaker splits them. |
Characters are counted the way you see them, not the way computers store them. An accented é is one character, and so is a thumbs-up emoji with a skin tone, even though that emoji takes up four units of storage. Spaces and line breaks are included in Characters and left out of No spaces.
Sentences end at a full stop, a question mark or an exclamation mark. Common abbreviations such as Dr., Mr., Mrs., e.g. and i.e. don’t end a sentence, but rarer ones can trip it up, so treat the sentence count as a close estimate rather than gospel.
Paragraphs are lines that have text on them. Blank lines are ignored, so text pasted with a gap between every paragraph isn’t counted twice.
Reading time and speaking time
Reading time assumes 238 words per minute. That number comes from a 2019 meta-analysis by the psychologist Marc Brysbaert, who pooled 190 reading studies covering 18,573 people. Adults read non-fiction silently at about 238 words per minute and fiction a little faster, at around 260. It’s slower than the round 250 or 300 you’ll often see quoted.
Speaking time uses 150 words per minute, roughly the pace of relaxed conversation according to the National Center for Voice and Speech. Most people slow down when they present to a room, so if you’re timing a talk, leave yourself some slack.
For a sense of scale: a 650-word college application essay takes about 2 minutes 44 seconds to read, and about 4 minutes 20 seconds to read aloud.
Readability scores, and when there isn’t one
Each score is worked out from how long your sentences are and how long your words are. Long sentences and words with many syllables make text harder to read.
| Score | What it tells you |
|---|---|
| Flesch Reading Ease | 0 to 100. Higher is easier: 60 to 70 is plain English. |
| Flesch-Kincaid grade | The US school year a reader needs: 8 means a 13-to-14-year-old can follow it. |
| Gunning Fog | Also a school year, weighted more heavily by words of three syllables or more. |
| SMOG | A school year based on how many words have three syllables or more; often used for health writing. |
| Coleman-Liau | A school year from letters per word rather than syllables. |
Flesch’s own bands for the Reading Ease score: 90 and up is very easy, 80s easy, 70s fairly easy, 60s plain English, 50s fairly hard, 30 to 49 hard, and under 30 very hard.
Syllables are estimated from spelling, as every online checker does, so a score can differ by a point or two from another tool. There’s no score for text under 100 words, with fewer than 3 sentences, or not in English. The formulas would still give a number, but it wouldn’t mean anything.
Limits you might be writing to
Pick any of these in Check a limit. Limits last checked 14 October 2026.
| Where | Limit | How it’s counted |
|---|---|---|
| X post, without Premium | 280 | A link counts 23, however long. An emoji or a Chinese, Japanese or Korean character counts 2. |
| Bluesky post | 300 | Characters as you see them, so an emoji is 1. The Bluesky app shortens long links. |
| Threads post | 500 | Characters as you see them. |
| Mastodon post | 500 on most servers | A link counts 23. Some servers allow more. |
| Text message (SMS) | 160 | 153 per part once it’s split. One emoji or letter outside the basic set makes it 70, or 67 per part. |
| Instagram caption | 2,200 | Only about the first 125 show before “more”. |
| LinkedIn post | 3,000 | About the first 140 (phone) to 210 (computer) show before “see more”. |
| YouTube title | 100 | |
| YouTube description | 5,000 | |
| Meta description | about 155 | Google cuts by width, not a set number. |
| Page title | about 60 | Google cuts by width, not a set number. |
| Common App personal essay | 250 to 650 words | Set it as a goal: Stay under 650 words. |
The Common App enforces its cap, so you can’t submit an essay over 650 words. A long text message isn’t blocked; your phone splits it into several messages behind the scenes.